"Muhammadiyah", Oxford Islamic Studies Online

Muhammadiyah is the largest modernist movement in Indonesia, claiming to have more than 30 million members and sympathizers. Besides being characterized as modernist Islam, the Muhammadiyah has also been characterized as Calvinist Islam, Protestant Islam, Puritan Islam, and reformist Islam. The establishment of the movement in 1912 was partly inspired by the Islamic reform movement in Egypt led by Muḥammad ʿAbduh. It has successfully implemented that reform into practice by achieving enormous success in three areas: education, health care, and philanthropic activities.

Burhani, Ahmad Najib . "Muhammadiyah." In Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Oxford Islamic Studies Online, http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t343/e0296 (accessed Mar 28, 2019).